The EngineThe engine in the NASCAR race car is probably the most crucial component. It has to make huge amounts of power for hours on end, without any failures.
The engine is large -- 358 cubic inches (5.87 L). Not many street-cars have engines this big, and the ones that do usually generate well over 300 hp.
NASCAR engines have extremely radical cam profiles that open the intake valves much earlier and keep them open longer than in streetcar engines. This allows more air to be packed into the cylinders, especially at high speeds (see How Camshafts Work for more details).
The intake and exhaust are tuned and tested to provide a boost at certain engine speeds. They are also designed to have very low restriction -- that is, to provide little resistance to the gases flowing down the pipe. There are no mufflers or catalytic converters to slow the exhaust down, either.
They have carburetors that can let in huge volumes of air and fuel -- there are no fuel injectors on these engines.
They have high-intensity, programmable ignition systems that allow the spark timing to be customized to provide the most possible power.
All of the subsystems, like coolant pumps, oil pumps, steering pumps and alternators, are designed to run at sustained high speeds and temperatures.
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